En numerosas ocasiones nos vamos a encontrar con la tarea de obtener información sobre una foto, documento o archivo de audio o de video. Nuestros clientes querrán saber cuándo fue tomada determinada fotografía, con qué cámara se realizó o en qué lugar se encontraba el fotógrafo. Un juez puede pedirnos que verifiquemos si un archivo de video ha sufrido alguna alteración en su integridad. Por el contrario podemos encontrarnos en la situación de tener que editar alguno de estos archivos por cuestiones personales o directamente escribir algún tipo de datos sobre ellos.
ExifTool la herramienta de los metadatos
A toda esta información se la conoce como la metadata de un archivos, son datos que están ocultos para el usuario normal pero a los cuales podemos acceder utilizando las herramientas adecuadas. ExifTool es un aplicación open source desarrollada por Phil Harvey y es excelente en su trabajo. Con ella podemos escribir, editar y leer completamente la metadata oculta de cualquier tipo de archivo digital.
Este programa corre bajo Windows, Mac y Linux; todas estas versiones trabajan sobre línea de comandos. Hay una versión independiente del sistema que corre en Android haciéndolo portable y muy cómodo de utilizar. Esta versión para el móbil no es la única que cuenta con interfaz gráfica, ya que hay una versión web que también nos permite trabajar cómodamente desde la pantalla gráfica del ordenador. Esta aplicación que, aunque implementa la herramienta ExifTool, no está directamente relacionada con la misma pueden utilizarla desde su dirección https://exif.tools/.
ExifTool soporta un amplio formato de metadata de archivos incluyendo EXIF, GPS, IPTC, XMP, JFIF, GeoTIFF, ICC Profile, Photoshop IRB, FlashPix, AFCP and ID3, Lyrics3, Canon, Casio, DJI, FLIR, FujiFilm, GE, GoPro, HP, JVC/Victor, Kodak, Leaf, Minolta/Konica-Minolta, Motorola, Nikon, Nintendo, Olympus/Epson, Panasonic/Leica, Pentax/Asahi, Phase One, Reconyx, Ricoh, Samsung, Sanyo, Sigma/Foveon y Sony.
En la tabla a continuación se listan todos los tipos de archivos sobre los que puede crearse, editarse y leerse su metadata.
| File Type | Support | Description | EXIF | IPTC | XMP | ICC1 | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 360 | R/W | GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime, R GoPro |
| 3FR | R | Hasselblad RAW (TIFF-based) | R | R | R | R | – |
| 3G2, 3GP2 | R/W | 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 a/v (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| 3GP, 3GPP | R/W | 3rd Gen. Partnership Project a/v (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| A | R | Unix static library code Archive | – | – | – | – | R EXE |
| AA | R | Audible Audiobook | – | – | – | – | R Audible |
| AAE | R | Apple edit information (XML PLIST-based) | – | – | – | – | R PLIST |
| AAX | R/W | Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| ACR | R | American College of Radiology ACR-NEMA (DICOM-like) | – | – | – | – | R DICOM |
| AFM, ACFM, AMFM | R | Adobe [Composite/Multiple Master] Font Metrics | – | – | – | – | R Font |
| AI, AIT | R/W | Adobe Illustrator [Template] (PS or PDF) | R/W/C4 | R/W/C4 | R/W/C5 | R/W/C4 | R/W/C PDF PostScript, R Photoshop |
| AIFF, AIF, AIFC | R | Audio Interchange File Format [Compressed] | – | – | – | – | R AIFF ID3 Lyrics3 |
| APE | R | Monkey’s Audio | – | – | – | – | R APE ID3 Lyrics3 |
| ARQ | R/W | Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift RAW (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Sony SonyIDC |
| ARW | R/W | Sony Alpha RAW (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Sony SonyIDC |
| ASF | R | Microsoft Advanced Systems Format | – | – | R | – | R ASF |
| AVI | R | Audio Video Interleaved (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| AVIF | R/W | AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based) | R/W/C | – | R/W/C | R/W | R/W QuickTime |
| BMP, DIB | R | Windows BitMaP / Device Independent Bitmap | – | – | – | – | R BMP |
| BPG | R | Better Portable Graphics | R | – | R | R | R BPG |
| BTF | R | BigTIFF (64-bit Tagged Image File Format) | R | R | R | R | – |
| CHM | R | Microsoft Compiled HTML format | – | – | – | – | R EXE |
| COS | R | Capture One Settings (XML-based) | – | – | – | – | R XML |
| CR2 | R/W | Canon RAW 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 spec) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Canon, R/W/C CanonVRD2 |
| CR3 | R/W | Canon RAW 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 spec) | R/W/C | – | R/W/C | – | R/W Canon QuickTime, R/W/C CanonVRD2 |
| CRM | R/W | Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based) | R/W/C | – | R/W/C | – | R/W Canon QuickTime |
| CRW, CIFF | R/W | Canon RAW Camera Image File Format (CRW spec) | – | – | R/W/C | – | R/W CanonRaw, R/W/C CanonVRD2 |
| CS1 | R/W | Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot RAW (PSD-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R Photoshop |
| CSV | R | Comma-Separated Values | – | – | – | – | R Text |
| CZI | R | Zeiss Integrated Software RAW (ZISRAW) | – | – | – | – | R ZISRAW, R XML |
| DCM, DC3, DIC, DICM | R | DICOM – Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine | – | – | – | – | R DICOM |
| DCP | R/W | DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | – |
| DCR | R | Kodak Digital Camera RAW (TIFF-based) | R | R | R | R | – |
| DFONT | R | Macintosh Data Fork Font | – | – | – | – | R Font |
| DIVX | R | DivX media format (ASF-based) | – | – | R | – | R ASF |
| DJVU, DJV | R | DjVu image (AIFF-like) | – | – | R | – | R DJVU |
| DNG | R/W | Digital Negative (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | – |
| DOC, DOT | R | Microsoft Word Document/Template (FPX-like) | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| DOCX, DOCM | R | Office Open XML Document [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| DOTX, DOTM | R | Office Open XML Document Template [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| DPX | R | Digital Picture Exchange | – | – | – | – | R DPX |
| DR4 | R/W/C2 | Canon DPP version 4 Recipe | – | – | – | – | R/W/C CanonVRD2 |
| DSS, DS2 | R | Digital Speech Standard [2] | – | – | – | – | R Olympus |
| DYLIB | R | MacOS Mach-O executable and library files | – | – | – | – | R EXE |
| DV | R | Digital Video | – | – | – | – | R DV |
| DVB | R/W | Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| DVR-MS | R | Microsoft Digital Video Recording (ASF-based) | – | – | R | – | R ASF |
| EIP | R | Capture One Enhanced Image Package (ZIP-based) | R | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| EPS, EPSF, PS | R/W | [Encapsulated] PostScript Format | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C PostScript, R Photoshop |
| EPUB | R | Electronic Publication (ZIP/XML-based) | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| ERF | R/W | Epson RAW Format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Olympus |
| EXE, DLL | R | DOS/Windows executable and library files | – | – | – | – | R EXE |
| EXIF | R/W/C | Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | – | – | – | – |
| EXR | R | Open EXR (Extended Range) | – | – | – | – | R OpenEXR |
| EXV | R/W/C | Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | Supported JPEG Meta Information |
| F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V | R/W | Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| FFF | R/W6 | Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | – |
| FFF | R | FLIR Systems thermal image File Format | – | – | – | – | R FLIR |
| FITS | R | Flexible Image Transport System | – | – | – | – | R FITS |
| FLA | R | Macromedia/Adobe Flash project (FPX-like) | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| FLAC | R | Free Lossless Audio Codec | – | – | – | – | R FLAC ID3 Lyrics3 |
| FLIF | R/W | Free Lossless Image Format | R/W/C | – | R/W/C | R/W/C | R FLIF |
| FLV | R | Flash Video | – | – | R | – | R Flash |
| FPF | R | FLIR Public image Format | – | – | – | – | R FLIR |
| FPX | R | FlashPix image | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| GIF | R/W | Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format | – | – | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C GIF |
| GPR | R/W | GoPro RAW (DNG-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | – |
| GZ, GZIP | R | GNU ZIP compressed archive | – | – | – | – | R ZIP |
| HDP, WDP, JXR | R/W | Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | – |
| HDR | R | Radiance RGBE High Dynamic-Range | – | – | – | – | R Radiance |
| HEIC, HEIF, HIF | R/W | High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based) | R/W/C | – | R/W/C | R/W | R/W QuickTime |
| HTML, HTM, XHTML | R | [Extensible] HyperText Markup Language | – | – | – | – | R HTML |
| ICC, ICM | R/W/C1 | International Color Consortium color profile | – | – | – | R/W/C | – |
| ICS, ICAL | R | iCalendar Schedule | – | – | – | – | R VCalendar |
| IDML | R | Adobe InDesign Markup Language (ZIP/XML-based) | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| IIQ | R/W | Phase One Intelligent Image Quality RAW (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W PhaseOne |
| IND, INDD, INDT | R/W | Adobe InDesign Document/Template | – | – | R/W/C | – | – |
| INSP | R/W | Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | Supported JPEG Meta Information |
| INSV | R | Insta360 Video (QuickTime-based) | – | – | R | – | R QuickTime |
| INX | R | Adobe InDesign Interchange (XML-based) | – | – | R | – | – |
| ISO | R | ISO 9660 disk image | – | – | – | – | R ISO |
| ITC | R | iTunes Cover Flow artwork | – | – | – | – | R ITC |
| J2C, J2K, JPC | R | JPEG 2000 codestream | R3 | R3 | R | R | R Jpeg2000 Photoshop3 |
| JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX | R/W | JPEG 2000 image [Compound/Extended] | R/W/C3 | R/W/C3 | R/W/C | R | R/W/C Jpeg2000, R Photoshop3 |
| JPEG, JPG, JPE | R/W | Joint Photographic Experts Group image | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | Supported JPEG Meta Information |
| JSON | R | JavaScript Object Notation | – | – | – | – | R JSON |
| JXL | R/W | JPEG XL (codestream and ISO BMFF) | R/W/C | – | R/W/C | – | – |
| K25 | R | Kodak DC25 RAW (TIFF-based) | R | R | R | R | – |
| KDC | R | Kodak Digital Camera RAW (TIFF-based) | R | R | R | R | R Kodak |
| KEY, KTH | R | Apple iWork ’09 Keynote presentation/Theme | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| LA | R | Lossless Audio (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| LFP, LFR | R | Lytro Light Field Picture | – | – | – | – | R Lytro |
| LIF | R | Leica Image File | – | – | – | – | R LIF |
| LNK | R | Microsoft Shell Link (Windows shortcut) | – | – | – | – | R LNK |
| LRV | R/W | Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| M2TS, MTS, M2T, TS | R | MPEG-2 Transport Stream (used for AVCHD video) | – | – | – | – | R M2TS H264 |
| M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V | R/W | MPEG-4 Audio/Video (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| MACOS | R | MacOS “._” sidecar file (may have any extension) | – | – | – | – | R XAttr RSRC |
| MAX | R | 3D Studio MAX (FPX-like) | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| MEF | R/W | Mamiya (RAW) Electronic Format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | – |
| MIE | R/W/C | Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C MIE |
| MIFF, MIF | R | Magick Image File Format | R | R | R | R | R MIFF Photoshop |
| MKA, MKV, MKS | R | Matroska Audio/Video/Subtitle | – | – | – | – | R Matroska |
| MOBI, AZW, AZW3 | R | Mobipocket electronic book (Palm-based) | – | – | – | – | R Palm MOBI |
| MODD | R | Sony Picture Motion metadata (XML PLIST-based) | – | – | – | – | R PLIST |
| MOI | R | MOD Information file | – | – | – | – | R MOI |
| MOS | R/W | Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R Leaf |
| MOV, QT | R/W | Apple QuickTime Movie | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| MP3 | R | MPEG-1 layer 3 audio | – | – | – | – | R MPEG ID3 Lyrics3 APE |
| MP4 | R/W | Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (QuickTime-based) | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| MPC | R | Musepack Audio | – | – | – | – | R MPC ID3 Lyrics3 APE |
| MPEG, MPG, M2V | R | Motion Picture Experts Group version 1 or 2 | – | – | – | – | R MPEG ID3 Lyrics3 |
| MPO | R/W | Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | Supported JPEG Meta Information |
| MQV | R/W | Sony Mobile QuickTime Video | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| MRW | R/W | Minolta RAW | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W MinoltaRaw Minolta |
| MRC | R | Medical Research Council | – | – | – | – | R MRC |
| MXF | R | Material Exchange Format | – | – | – | – | R MXF |
| NEF | R/W | Nikon (RAW) Electronic Format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Nikon NikonCapture |
| NKSC | R/W | Nikon Sidecar (XMP-based) | – | – | R/W/C | – | – |
| NMBTEMPLATE | R | Apple iWork ’09 Numbers Template | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| NRW | R/W | Nikon RAW (2) (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Nikon NikonCapture |
| NUMBERS | R | Apple iWork ’09 Numbers spreadsheet | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| O | R | Unix compiled code Object | – | – | – | – | R EXE |
| ODB, ODC, ODF, ODG, ODI, ODP, ODS, ODT | R | Open Document Database/Chart/Formula/Graphics/ Image/Presentation/Spreadsheet/Text (ZIP/XML-based) | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| OFR | R | OptimFROG audio (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| OGG, OGV | R | Ogg bitstream container | – | – | – | – | R FLAC ID3 Lyrics3 Theora Vorbis |
| ONP | R | ON1 Presets | – | – | – | – | R JSON PLIST |
| OPUS | R | Ogg Opus audio | – | – | – | – | R FLAC ID3 Lyrics3 Opus Vorbis |
| ORF, ORI | R/W | Olympus RAW Format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Olympus |
| OTF | R | Open Type Font | – | – | – | – | R Font |
| PAC | R | Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| PAGES | R | Apple iWork ’09 Pages document | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| PCD | R | Kodak Photo CD Image Pac | – | – | – | – | R PhotoCD |
| PCX | R | PC Paintbrush | – | – | – | – | R PCX |
| PDB, PRC | R | Palm Database | – | – | – | – | R Palm |
| R/W7 | Adobe Portable Document Format | R3 | R3 | R/W/C | R3 | R/W/C PDF, R Photoshop | |
| PEF | R/W | Pentax (RAW) Electronic Format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Pentax |
| PFA, PFB | R | PostScript Font ASCII/Binary | – | – | – | – | R Font |
| PFM | R | Printer Font Metrics | – | – | – | – | R Font |
| PFM | R | Portable FloatMap | – | – | – | – | R PFM |
| PGF | R | Progressive Graphics File | – | – | – | – | R PGF PNG |
| PICT, PCT | R | Apple Picture file | – | – | – | R | R PICT Photoshop |
| PLIST | R | Apple Property List (binary and XML formats) | – | – | – | – | R PLIST |
| PMP | R | Sony DSC-F1 Cyber-Shot image | – | – | – | – | R Sony |
| PNG, JNG, MNG | R/W | Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics | R/W/C3 | R/W/C3 | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C PNG |
| PPM, PBM, PGM | R/W | Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map | – | – | – | – | R PPM, R/W/C Comment |
| PPT, PPS, POT | R | PowerPoint Presentation/Slideshow/Template (FPX-like) | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| POTX, POTM | R | Office Open XML Presentation Template [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| PPAX, PPAM | R | Office Open XML Presentation Addin [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| PPSX, PPSM | R | Office Open XML Presentation Slideshow [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| PPTX, PPTM | R | Office Open XML Presentation [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| PSD, PSB, PSDT | R/W | PhotoShop Document / Large Document / Template | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R Photoshop |
| PSP, PSPIMAGE | R | Paint Shop Pro | R | – | – | – | R PSP |
| QTIF, QTI, QIF | R/W | QuickTime Image File | R/W3 | R/W3 | R/W/C | – | R/W/C QuickTime |
| R3D | R | Redcode RAW video | – | – | – | – | R Red |
| RA | R | Real Audio | – | – | – | – | R Real ID3 Lyrics3 |
| RAF | R/W | FujiFilm RAW Format | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W FujiFilm |
| RAM, RPM | R | Real Audio/Plug-in Metafile | – | – | – | – | R Real |
| RAR | R | RAR Archive | – | – | – | – | R ZIP |
| RAW | R | Kyocera Contax N Digital RAW | – | – | – | – | R KyoceraRaw |
| RAW | R/W | Panasonic RAW (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W PanasonicRaw Panasonic |
| RIFF, RIF | R | Resource Interchange File Format | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| RM, RV, RMVB | R | Real Media/Video [Variable Bitrate] | – | – | – | – | R Real |
| RSRC | R | Mac OS Resource | – | – | – | – | R RSRC Photoshop PostScript Font |
| RTF | R | Rich Text Format | – | – | – | – | R RTF |
| RW2 | R/W | Panasonic RAW 2 (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W PanasonicRaw Panasonic |
| RWL | R/W | Leica RAW (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W PanasonicRaw Panasonic |
| RWZ | R | Rawzor compressed image | R | R | R | R | R Rawzor |
| SEQ | R | FLIR Systems image Sequence | – | – | – | – | R FLIR |
| SKETCH | R | Sketch design file | – | – | – | – | R JSON ZIP |
| SO | R | Unix ELF executable and Shared Object files | – | – | – | – | R EXE |
| SR2 | R/W | Sony RAW 2 (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Sony |
| SRF | R | Sony RAW Format (TIFF-based) | R | R | R | R | R Sony |
| SRW | R/W | Samsung RAW format (TIFF-based) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Samsung |
| SVG | R | Scalable Vector Graphics (XML-based) | – | – | – | – | R SVG |
| SWF | R | Shockwave Flash | – | – | R | – | R Flash |
| THM | R/W | Thumbnail image (JPEG) | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | Supported JPEG Meta Information |
| THMX | R | Office Open XML Theme | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| TIFF, TIF | R/W | Tagged Image File Format | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C GeoTIFF1, R/W Trailers |
| TTF, TTC | R | True Type Font/Collection | – | – | – | – | R Font |
| TORRENT | R | BitTorrent description file | – | – | – | – | R Torrent |
| TXT | R | Text files | – | – | – | – | R Text |
| VCF, VCARD | R | Virtual Card | – | – | – | – | R VCard |
| VOB | R | Video Object (MPEG-based) | – | – | – | – | R MPEG |
| VRD | R/W/C2 | Canon DPP Recipe Data | – | – | R/W/C | – | R/W/C CanonVRD2 |
| VSD | R | Microsoft Visio Drawing (FPX-like) | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| WAV | R | Windows digital audio WAVeform (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| WEBM | R | Google Web Movie (Matroska-based) | – | – | – | – | R Matroska |
| WEBP | R | Google Web Picture (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| WMA, WMV | R | Windows Media Audio/Video (ASF-based) | – | – | R | – | R ASF |
| WTV | R | Windows recorded TV show | – | – | – | – | R WTV |
| WV | R | WavePack lossless audio (RIFF-based) | R3 | – | R | – | R RIFF |
| X3F | R/W | Sigma/Foveon RAW | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W/C | R/W Sigma, R SigmaRaw |
| XCF | R | GIMP native image format | R | R | R | R | R GIMP |
| XLS, XLT | R | Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet/Template (FPX-like) | – | – | R | R | R FlashPix |
| XLSX, XLSM, XLSB | R | Office Open XML Spreadsheet [Macro-enabled/Binary] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| XLTX, XLTM | R | Office Open XML Spreadsheet Template [Macro-enabled] | – | – | – | – | R XML ZIP |
| XMP | R/W/C | Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file | – | – | R/W/C | – | – |
| ZIP | R | ZIP archive | – | – | – | – | R ZIP |
En esta otra tabla podemos ver todo los tipos de metadatos que podremos extraer de una imagen jpg con ExifTool, siempre teniendo en cuenta que no podremos obtener los datos que no hayan sido grabados previamente.
| JPEG Meta Information | Support | Description |
|---|---|---|
| APP0 – JFIF | R/W/C | JPEG File Interchange Format |
| APP0 – JFXX | R | Extended JFIF |
| APP0 – CIFF | R/W | Camera Image File Format (used by some Canon models) |
| APP0 – AVI1 | R | JPEG AVI information |
| APP0 – Ocad | R | Photobucket Ocad segment |
| APP1 – EXIF | R/W/C | Exchangeable Image File Format (multi-segment) |
| APP1 – XMP | R/W/C | Extensible Metadata Platform (multi-segment) |
| APP1 – QVCI | R | Casio QV-7000SX QVCI information |
| APP1 – FLIR | R | FLIR thermal imaging data (multi-segment) |
| APP1 – RawThermalImage | R | Thermal image from Parrot Bebop-Pro Thermal drone |
| APP2 – ICC | R/W/C | International Color Consortium (multi-segment) |
| APP2 – FPXR | R | FlashPix Ready (multi-segment) |
| APP2 – MPF | R | Multi-Picture Format |
| APP2 – PreviewImage | R | Samsung/GE APP2 preview image (multi-segment) |
| APP3 – Kodak Meta | R/W | Kodak Meta information (EXIF-like) |
| APP3 – Stim | R | Stereo Still Image format |
| APP3 – JPS | R | JPEG Stereo image |
| APP3 – ThermalData | R | Thermal data from DJI RJPEG file (multi-segment) |
| APP3 – PreviewImage | R | Samsung/HP preview image (multi-segment) |
| APP4 – Scalado | R | (presumably written by Scalado mobile software) |
| APP4 – ThermalParams | R | Thermal parameters from DJI RJPEG file |
| APP4 – FPXR | R | FlashPix Ready in non-standard location (multi-segment) |
| APP4 – PreviewImage | R | (continued from APP3) |
| APP5 – Ricoh RMETA | R | Ricoh custom fields |
| APP5 – Samsung UniqueID | R | Samsung Unique ID |
| APP5 – ThermalCalibration | R | Thermal calibration data from DJI RJPEG file |
| APP5 – PreviewImage | R | (continued from APP4) |
| APP6 – EPPIM | R | Toshiba PrintIM |
| APP6 – NITF | R | National Imagery Transmission Format |
| APP6 – HP TDHD | R | Hewlett-Packard Photosmart R837 TDHD information |
| APP6 – GoPro | R | GoPro Metadata Format (GPMF) information |
| APP6 – DJI DTAT | R | DJI Thermal Analysis Tool record (JSON format) |
| APP7 – Pentax | R | Pentax APP7 maker notes |
| APP7 – Qualcomm | R | Qualcomm Camera Attributes |
| APP7 – Huawei | R | Huawei APP7 maker notes (extract with Unknown option) |
| APP8 – SPIFF | R | Still Picture Interchange File Format |
| APP9 – Media Jukebox | R | Media Jukebox XML information |
| APP10 – Comment | R | PhotoStudio Unicode Comment |
| APP11 – JPEG-HDR | R | JPEG-HDR compressed ratio image |
| APP11 – JUMBF | R | Jpeg Universal Metadata Box Format (multi-segment) |
| APP12 – Picture Info | R | ASCII-based Picture Information |
| APP12 – Ducky | R/W/C | Photoshop “Save for Web” |
| APP13 – Photoshop IRB | R/W/C | Image Resource Block (multi-segment, includes IPTC) |
| APP13 – Adobe CM | R | Adobe Color Management |
| APP14 – Adobe | R/W/C | Adobe DCT filter |
| APP15 – GraphicConverter | R | GraphicConverter quality |
| COM | R/W/C | JPEG Comment (multi-segment) |
| DQT | R | (used to calculate the Extra:JPEGDigest tag value) |
| SOF | R | JPEG Start Of Frame |
| JPEG Trailer 1 | Support | Description |
| AFCP trailer | R/W | AXS File Concatenation Protocol (includes IPTC) |
| CanonVRD trailer | R/W/C | Canon DPP Recipe Data (includes DR4) |
| FotoStation trailer | R/W | FotoWare FotoStation (includes IPTC) |
| PhotoMechanic trailer | R/W | Camera Bits Photo Mechanic |
| MIE trailer | R/W | Meta Information Encapsulation |
| Samsung trailer | R | Samsung Galaxy trailer |
| Insta360 trailer | R | Insta360 trailer found in INSP files |
| NikonApp trailer | R | Nikon trailer added by NX Studio to NEF/NRW files |
| PreviewImage trailer | R/W/C | (preview image written after JPEG EOI) |
| EmbeddedVideo trailer | R | (extracted only with ExtractEmbedded option) |
En otro entrada del blog ya analizamos la herramienta MediaInfo. Esta tine la ventaja de contar con una interfaz gráfica más completa, pero la información obtenida de un archivo es mucho menor que la que podremos conseguir con ExifTool. En mi caso la principal ausencia que noto es que MediaInfo no soporta el estandar Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) y estos metadatos traen información muy relevante para una investigación. Es por esto que considero que ExifTool es muy superior de momento a MediaInfo en este aspecto.
Vea la clase sobre ExifTool de los cursos de OSINT y Perito Profesional Informático Forense
En el siguiente enlace puede descargar la versión gratuita para Windows de esta aplicación.
